![]() ![]() ![]() Perhaps the most interesting feature of this list is the ascendancy of "patronising". Patronising, inconsiderate, rude, aggressive, inappropriate, hurtful Analysing the descriptive words, I identified six main semantic clusters, listed in order of decreasing frequency, left to right: I asked the reporters to reflect on the conversation, including how they would describe it. In order to check this, I collected 100 diary-like reports from British undergraduates of conversations in which someone had made the reporter feel "bad". Maybe non-academics use completely different terms. However, the list of terms used above is based on what is used in academia. Rude occurs about 18,000 times in two billion words impoliteness a mere 30 times. In fact, the only item to occur with decent frequency is rude. Rude, rudeness, verbal abuse, impolite, not polite, verbally abusive, verbal aggression, verbally aggressive, impoliteness The following are listed in order of decreasing frequency, left to right: I used a computer to establish the frequency of impoliteness-terms in British and American English (combined). Abusive language - family studies and clinical psychology.Verbal aggression - psychiatry and psychology.Aggravation, aggravated/aggravating language/facework - rarely used.Rude(ness) - history in particular, humanities generally.Impolite(ness) - linguistics and communication science.By tracking citations and subject areas, I established the following associations: In fact, these terms tend to be colonised by different academic areas. Aggravation, aggravated/aggravating language/facework.In linguistic pragmatics, the following terms are used for impoliteness related phenomena: The results are: impoliteĭiscourteous, presumptuous, hurtful, demeaning, insulting, flippant, bossy, unprofessional, unappreciative, overbearing, impertinent, insolent, disrespectful, distasteful, pushy, disloyal, nosy, ill-mannered, unbecoming, inconsiderate, unladylike, tactless, ungenerous, unsportsmanlike, blasphemous, thoughtless, boorish, derogatory, flirtatious, uncalled rudeĪrrogant, selfish, obnoxious, cruel, sarcastic, stupid, ignorant, nasty, insensitive, disrespectful, abusive, cynical, ugly, vulgar, foolish, lazy, silly, unpleasant, angry, harsh, violent, funny, pathetic, offensive, irresponsible, ridiculous, stubborn, dumb, boring, inappropriateĪpart from the fact that impolite synonyms tend to have a more sophisticated air, note that rude synonyms can more readily be used to describe people as opposed to just behaviour. I used a computer to sift billions of words in order to establish which words could easily be swapped with impolite and then rude. Rude is often used as a synonym of impolite, and of course both these terms have other synonyms. ![]() The dimensions along which impoliteness-related terms varyĮnglish, like other languages, has various terms that refer in some way to the notion of impoliteness.What terms does the ordinary person use?. ![]()
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